止血帶止血法適用于四肢創傷引起的動脈出血或其他止血方法未能奏效的出血。止血帶可阻斷肢體血液循環而達到有效的止血的目的,但也能由此而造成肢體壞疽的危險。常用的止血帶的種類有橡皮止血帶、氣性止血帶、布制止血帶等。只有正確地使用止血帶才能既發揮止血作用,又能防止和減少其并發癥的發生。 Tourniquets method is suitable for the limb trauma caused by arterial hemorrhage or other bleeding hemostatic method failed. A tourniquet can block the body blood circulation and achieve the goal of effective hemostasis, but also can thus cause the danger of limb gangrene. The types of common tourniquet rubber tourniquet, became a tourniquet, cloth tourniquet, etc. Only proper use of a tourniquet can both play a role of bleeding, and can prevent and reduce the occurrence of its complications. 那么使用止血帶止血應注意些什么？ Then using tourniquets should pay attention to what? 1.止血帶使用前應將患肢抬高片刻,使靜脈回流后再使用。 1. A tourniquet limb should be up for a moment, before use make the venous return after use. 2.止血帶部位應放在傷口的近心端。 2. A tourniquet parts should be placed on the wound near the heart. 一般上肢在上臂的上1/3的部位,下肢在大腿的中、下1/3交界處。上臂的中1/3禁止使用止血帶,以免壓迫神經而引起上肢麻痹。在肘或膝關節以下部位扎止血帶無止血作用。 Generally on a third of the position of the upper limb in the upper arm, leg and lower 1/3 in the thigh. Upper arm in a third forbids the use of a tourniquet, lest the oppressive nerve and cause upper limb paralysis. Below the elbow, or knee joint parts tourniquet has no hemostatic effects. 3.上止血帶前,先要用毛巾或其他布片、棉絮作墊,止血帶不要直接扎在皮膚上；緊急時,可將褲腳或袖口卷起,止血帶扎在其上。但需平整,避免皺折。 Before 3. A tourniquet on with a towel or other fabric, cotton cushion, tourniquet don't directly tied to the skin; When an emergency, but their pants or sleeves rolled up, a tourniquet on it. But need to be smooth, to avoid the creasing. 4.止血帶要扎得松緊合適 4. A tourniquet to tie the elastic 過緊易損傷神經和血管,引起神經麻痹和血栓形成；過松則不能達到止血的目的。一般以不能摸到遠端動脈搏動或出血停止為度。 Tight easy damage nerves and blood vessels, cause nerve palsy and thrombosis; Too loose, can't achieve the goal of the bleeding. General with can't touch the distal pulses or bleeding stopped. 5.結扎時間過久,可引起肢體缺血壞疽。 5. Ligation time is too long, can cause limb ischemia necrosis. 因此止血帶使用的時間一般不超過1h,需延長時間要每隔1h(上肢或下肢)放松2～3min；放松期間,應用指壓法暫時止血。寒冷季節時應每隔30min放松一次。結扎部位超過2h者,應更換比原來較高位置結扎?？倳r間應不超過4h,否則在放松止血帶后會引起擠壓綜合征。 Therefore the use of a tourniquet time is generally not more than 1 h, to prolong time to every 1 h (upper or lower limbs) relax 2 ~ 3 min. Relax during the application refers to pressure temporarily stop the bleeding. When the cold season every 30 min should loosen up again. Ligation place more than 2 h, than the original high position ligation should be replaced. The total time should be no more than 4 h, otherwise will cause crush syndrome after relax tourniquet.